Государи и грамоты: Введение в дипломатику королевского акта в раннесредневековой Англии
Институт всеобщей истории РАН
Университет г. Гётеборг
Ссылка для цитирования: Сухино-Хоменко Д. В., Гимон Т. В. Государи и грамоты: Введение в дипломатику королевского акта в раннесредневековой Англии // Graphosphaera. 2022. Т. 2. № 1. С. 25–174. URL: http://writing.igh.ru/index.php?id=2022-2-1-25-174
DOI: 10.32608/2782-5272-2022-2-1-25-174
Аннотация: Работа представляет собой введение в дипломатику англо-саксонского королевского акта (до 1066 г.). Она включает терминологическое введение, очерк истории публикации, исследования и важнейших дискуссий, касающихся англо-саконского акта, с XVI по начало XXI в. (включая вопрос о современном состоянии электронных баз данных по англо-саксонскому акту и очерк о советских и российских исследованиях и публикациях английских раннесредневековых актов), обзоры формы, содержания, истории и важнейших проблем изучения двух категорий англо-саксонских королевских актов: жалованных грамот (diplomas) и указных грамот (writs) (включая такие сюжеты, как происхождение обеих разновидностей документов, суть бокленда, описания границ владений, списки свидетелей, использование латинского и древнеанглийского языков, потенциал актов как источников по экономике и идеологии, и мн. др.). В заключительном разделе делается попытка обобщить данные о функционировании королевских актов (от производства грамот до их использования на практике).
Ключевые слова: Англия, англо-саксы, акты, грамоты, жалованные грамоты, указные грамоты, средневековые архивы, бокленд, источниковедение, дипломатика
Важнейшие термины. С. 30.
Историография и история публикации актов. С. 33.
Эпоха «первоначального накопления»: антикварии и коллекционеры XVI–XVIII вв. С. 33.
Публикаторы и первоиздания: XIX в. C. 38.
Семь десятилетий «кумулятивного роста»: 1890-е – начало 1960-х годов. С. 42.
Три революции 1960-х: список Сойера, серия BACS и спор о королевской канцелярии. С. 48.
Англо-саксонские грамоты онлайн. Пополнение корпуса и переход от бумажного к «Электронному Сойеру» и другим ресурсам. С. 57.
Русскоязычные публикации англо-саксонских грамот. С. 62.
Англо-саксонская дипломатика на рубеже веков. С. 64.
Жалованные грамоты (diplomas). С. 69.
Жалованные грамоты VII–IX вв. С. 70.
Общая характеристика корпуса. С. 70.
Грамоты на отдельных листах пергамена. С. 74.
Адресаты и адресанты грамот. Некоторые специфические случаи. С. 76.
Возникновение института жалованной грамоты и его истоки. С. 78.
Составители грамот и вопрос о канцеляриях. С. 82.
Язык грамот. С. 83.
Жалованные грамоты X–XI вв. С. 84.
Оформление единой традиции. Проблема цезуры. С. 85.
«Золотой век» англо-саксонской грамоты. С. 90.
Грамоты в турбулентную эпоху рубежа тысячелетий. С. 99.
Грамоты последних десятилетий перед Нормандским завоеванием. С. 102.
Жалованные грамоты и землевладение: бокленд и фолкленд. С. 104.
Источниковая многогранность жалованных грамот. С. 120.
Границы жалуемых владений. С. 121.
Экономика. С. 124.
Списки свидетелей. С. 124.
Грамотность и функции письма. С. 126.
Королевские грамоты как источник по истории идей и культуры. С. 127.
Указные грамоты (writs). С. 129.
Устройство, внешний вид, общие характеристики корпуса. С. 129.
Содержание и формуляр. С. 133.
Происхождение и связь с королевской канцелярией. С. 135.
Причины возникновения. С. 141.
От «теории» к «практике»: королевские грамоты в реальной жизни. С. 145.
Изготовление. С. 145.
Церемониал и перформативность. С. 146.
Хранение. С. 149.
Практическое использование. С. 150.
Приложение. Используемые русские эквиваленты некоторых основных английских понятий англо-саксонской дипломатики. С. 153.
Библиография. С. 154.
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Онлайн-ресурсы / Online resources
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ASChart – Anglo-Saxon Charters // https://aschart.kcl.ac.uk (3.10.2021).
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England c. 450–1066 in a Nutshell // https://anglo-saxons.net (3.10.2021; на момент написания статьи тексты грамот по-прежнему доступны при введении в адресную строку полного URL-адреса: https://anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=, где после последнего «=» вводится номер грамоты по списку Сойера).
LangScape — The Language of Landscape // https://langscape.org.uk/index.html (3.10.2021; на момент написания статьи работает нестабильно, карты не отображаются).
LASC — Languages of Anglo-Saxon Charters // https://ehu.eus/lasc (3.10.2021).
PASE — Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England // https://pase.ac.uk/ (14.02.2022).
Revisited Sawyer // https://cam.ac.uk/chartwww (3.10.2021; на момент написания статьи ресурс не поддерживается).
S – The Electronic Sawyer // https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk (3.10.2021; на момент написания статьи не поддерживается машинный поиск по номерам Сойера, Бёрча и Кембла).
