Diplomatic Exchanges between the Austrasian Court and the Byzantine Empire (Epistulae Austrasicae 25–39)

 

Yuliya E. Vershinina

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod

Financing: This research has been conducted with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20-18-00374.

 

Full Text (pdf)

For citation: Vershinina, Yuliya E. Diplomatic Exchanges between the Austrasian Court and the Byzantine Empire (Epistulae Austrasicae 25–39) // Graphosphaera. 2022. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 209–241. URL: http://writing.igh.ru/index.php?id=2022-2-2-209-241 

DOI: 10.32608/2782-5272-2022-2-2-209-241

Abstract: This work is an attempt of consolidation of the experience of source study and historiographic research of letters 25–39 from the collection of Epistulae Austrasicae (Austrasian Letters), which have never been translated into Russian before. The defining characteristics of this collection of letters are discussed in comparison with other epistolary collections created in the period of late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages in the territory of the former Western Roman Empire. The most topical issues of the source study of Epistulae Austrasicae are considered. The paper examines the main ideas existing about the time, place, and reasons for the compilation of the collection, as well as the personality of its possible compilator. The historiography of the study of Epistulae Austrasicae 25–39, the features of the structure, content and language of individual letters are scrutinized. The reasons that prompted the authors of the letters to write them, and the compiler of the collection to include them in it, are investigated. Particular attention is paid to Letter 27, which stands out because of its emotional intensity in contrast to other purely official letters from this part of the Epistulae Austrasicae collection. The appendix provides a translation of letters 25–39 from Latin into Russian.

 

Key words: Epistulae Austrasicae, letter, Merovingians, Byzantine Empire, early Middle Ages, embassy, diplomacy

 

Литература / References

Вершинина Ю. Е. Репрезентация институтов родства и отношений между родственниками в исторических нарративах раннего средневековья: Дис. ... канд. ист. наук. Н. Новгород, 2020. Т. 1. 394 с. [Vershinina Yu. E. Reprezentaciya institutov rodstva i otnosheniĭ mezhdu rodstvennikami v istoricheskih narrativah rannego srednevekov’ya (Representation of Kinship Institutions and Relations between Relatives in Historical Narratives of the Early Middle Ages): Dis. ... kand. ist. nauk. Nizhnij Novgorod, 2020. T. 1. 394 s.]

Вершинина Ю. Е. Тема родственных связей в переписке австразийского двора и представителей Византийской империи // Электронный научно-образовательный журнал «История». 2022. T. 13. Вып. 5 (115) [Vershinina Yu. E. Tema rodstvennyh svyazej v perepiske avstrazijskogo dvora i predstavitelej Vizantiĭskoj imperii (Topic of Family Relations in the Correspondence of the Austrasian Court and Representatives of the Byzantine Empire) // Elektronnyj nauchno-obrazovatel’nyj zhurnal «Istoriya». 2022. T. 13. Vyp. 5 (115).] https://history.jes.su/s207987840021305-4-1/

Дюмезиль Б. Королева Брунгильда / Пер. с фр. М. Ю. Некрасова. М.: Евразия, 2017. 560 с. [Dyumezil B. Koroleva Brungil’da (Queen Brunnhilde) / Per. s fr. M. Yu. Nekrasova. Moscow: Evraziya, 2017. 560 s.]

Григорий Турский. История франков / Пер. с лат. В. Д. Савуковой. М.: Наука, 1987. 464 с. [Grigorij Turskij. Istoriya frankov (History of the Franks) / Per. s lat. V. D. Savukovoj. Moscow: Nauka, 1987. 464 s.]

Серов В. В. Развитие системы управления императорским фиском в III–VI вв. // Античная древность и средние века. 1998. Вып. 29. С. 165–175. [Serov V. V. Razvitie sistemy upravleniya imperatorskim fiskom v III–VI vv. (The Development of the Imperial Fiscal Management System in the 3rd–6th centuries) // Antichnaya drevnost’ i srednie veka. 1998. Vyp. 29. S. 165–175.]

Bachrach B. S. The Anatomy of a Little War. A Diplomatic and Military History of the Gundovald Affair (568–586). Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. 283 p.

Barrett G., Woudhuysen G. Assembling the Austrasian Letters at Trier and Lorsch // Early Medieval Europe. 2016. 24 (1). P. 3–57.

Bischoff B. Die Abtei Lorsch im Spiegel ihrer Handschriften. Lorsch: Laurissa, 1989. 141 S.

Boak A. E. R. The Master of the Offices in the Later Roman and Byzantine Empires. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1919. x, 160 p.

Bréhier L. Le Monde Byzantin. Vol. 1: Les Institutions de l’Empire Byzantin. Paris: Albin Michel, 1970. 640 p. (publié pour la première fois en 1949).

Bury J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire: From Arcadius to Irene (395 A.D. to 800 A.D). London; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1889. 579 p.

Collins R. Gregory of Tours and Spain // A Companion to Gregory of Tours / Ed. by A. C. Murray. Leiden: Brill, 2015. P. 498–515.

Delaplace C. L’‘affaire Gondovald’ et le dispositif défensif de l’Aquitaine wisigothique et franque // Aquitania: revue interrégionale d’archéologie. 2009. No. 25. P. 199–211.

Dill S. Roman Society in Gaul in the Merovingian Age. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1966. 566 p.

Drews W. Hermenegild’s Rebellion and Conversion – Merovingian and Byzantine Connections // East and West in the Early Middle Ages: The Merovingian Kingdoms in Mediterranean Perspective / Ed. by S. Esders, Y. Fox, Y. Hen and L. Sarti. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. P. 74–86.

Dumézil B. Culture et politique II. Gogo et ses amis: écriture, échanges et ambitions dans un réseau aristocratique de la fin du VIe siècle // Revue Historique. 2007. No. 309 (3). P. 553–93.

Dumézil B. Les Lettres austrasiennes: l’élaboration d’une collection épistolaire au temps de la reine Brunehaut // Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France Année, 2007. 2009. P. 212–214.

Dumézil B. Écrire pour le bien de tous. Définition et éloge du bien commun dans les correspondances de l’époque mérovingienne // Revue Française d’Histoire des Idées Politiques. 2010. Vol. 2. No. 32. P. 231–243.

Dumézil B. La chancellerie Mérovingienne au VIe siècle // Le corti nell’alto medioevo. Spoleto: Fondazione Centro Italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo, 2015. P. 473–500.

Dumézil B. Private Records of Official Diplomacy: The Franco-Byzantine Letters in the Austrasian Epistolar Collection // The Merovingian Kingdoms and the Mediterranean World / Ed. by S. Esders, Y. Hen, P. Lucas and T. Rotman. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. P. 55–62.

Dumézil B., Lienhard T. Les Lettres austrasiennes: dire, cacher, transmettre les informations diplomatiques au haut Moyen Âge // Les relations diplomatiques au Moyen Âge. Formes et enjeux. Paris, 2011. P. 69–80.

Ekonomou A. J. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern Influences on Rome and the Papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2009. x, 346 p.

Emereau A. Apokrisiaires et apokrisiariat: Notes de l’apocrisiariat, ses variétés à travers l’histoire: Les apocrisiaires en Orient // Revue des études byzantines. 1914. T. 107. P. 289–297.

Epistolae Austrasicae / Ed. W. Gudlach // Epistolae Merowingici et Karolini aevi (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Epistolarum; III). Berlin, 1892. P. 110–153.

Ewig E. Die Merowinger und die Imperium. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1983. 66 S.

Ewig E. Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1988. 280 S.

Fox Y. The Franks. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. 265 p.

Fox Y. The Language of Sixth-century Frankish Diplomacy // The Merovingian Kingdoms and the Mediterranean World / Ed. by S. Esders, Y. Hen, P. Lucas and T. Rotman. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. P. 63–75.

Ganshof F. L. Merowingisches Gesandtschaftwesen // Aus Geschichte und Landeskunde. Festschrift für F. Steinbach. Bonn: L. Röhrscheid, 1960. S. 166–183.

Ganshof F. L. The Middle Ages, a History of International Relations. New York: Harper and Row, 1970. 408 p.

Gehler-Rachůnek A. East and West from a Visigothic Perspective: How and Why Were Frankish Brides Negotiated in the Late Sixth Century? // The Merovingian Kingdoms and the Mediterranean World / Ed. by S. Esders, Y. Hen, P. Lucas and T. Rotman. Lindon: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. P. 31–39.

Gillett A. Was Ethnicity Politicized in the Earliest Medieval Kingdoms? // On Barbarian Identity: Critical Approaches to Identity in the Early Middle Ages / Ed. by A. Gillett. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002. P. 85–121.

Gillett A. Love and Grief in Post-Imperial Diplomacy: The Letters of Brunhild // Studies in Emotions and Power in the Late Roman World: Papers in Honour of R. Newbold / Ed. by B. Sidwell, D. Dzino. Pascataway: Gorgias Press, 2010. P. 127–165.

Gillett A. Ethnography and Imperium in the Sixth Century: Frankish and Byzantine Rhetoric in the Epistolae Austrasicae // Basileia: Essays on Culture and Imperium in Honour of E. M. and M. J. Jeffreys / Ed. by L. Garland, G. Nathan. Sydney: University of New South Wales, 2011. P. 67–81.

Gillett A. Advise the Emperor Beneficially: Lateral Communication in Diplomatic Embassies between the Post-Imperial West and Byzantium // Ambassadeurs et ambassades au cœur des relations diplomatiques. Rome – Occident médiéval – Byzance (VIIIe s. avant J.-C. – XIIe s. après J.-C.) / Ed. par A. Becker, N. Drocourt. Metz: Presses universitaires de Lorraine, 2012. P. 257–285.

Gillett A. Telling off Justinian: Theudebert I, the Epistolae Austrasicae, and communication strategies in sixth-century Merovingian–Byzantine relations // Early Medieval Europe. 2019. No. 27 (2). P. 161–194.

Gillett A. Letters and Communication Networks in Merovingian Gaul // The Oxford Handbook of the Merovingian World / Ed. by. I. Moreira, B. Effros. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. P. 531–555.

Goffart W. Byzantine Policy in the West under Tiberius II and Maurice // Traditio. 1957. No. 13. P. 73–118.

Goffart W. The Frankish Pretender Gundovald, 582–585: A Crisis of Merovingian Blood // Francia. 2012. No. 39. P. 1–27.

Goubert P. Chronologie des lettres austrasiennes // Mélanges d’histoire du Moyen Âge dédiés à la mémoire de Louis Halphen. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1951. P. 291–296.

Goubert P. Byzance avant l’Islam. T. 2: Byzance et l’Occident sous les successeurs de Justinien. I: Byzance et les Francs. Paris: Éditions Picard, 1955. 223 p.

Gregorii Episcopi Turonensis. Historiarum Libri X / Hrsg. von B. Krusch et W. Levison. Hannoverae, 1951. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum; V.1.1). F. 1–537.

Gregorii papae registrum epistolarum. Libri I–VII / Hrsg. von P. Ewald, M.L. Hartmann (Monumenta Germaniae Historica; 1. Epistolae). Berolini: Weidmannus, 1889. 491 f.

Gundlach W. Die Sammlung der Epistolae Austrasicae // Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde. 1888. No. 13. S. 365–388.

Halsall G. Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. xvii, 592 p.

Hancock B. Studies in Austrasian politics and diplomacy from Theudebert I to Childebert II: PhD. Diss. / Concordia University. Montreal, 1990. 108 p. // https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/5904/1/MM64638.pdf

Hodgkin T. The Lombard Invasion. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1895. T. V. xxi, 484 p.

Honigmann E. Two Metropolitans, Relatives of the Emperor Maurice: Dometianus of Melitene (about 580 – January 12, 602) and Athenogenes of Petra // Patristic Studies. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1953. P. 217–225.

Howorth H. Saint Augustine of Canterbury. London: J. Murray, 1913. 451 p.

James E. The Franks. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. 265 p.

James E. Gregory of Tours, the Visigoths and Spain // In Cross, Crescent and Conversion: Studies on Medieval Spain and Christendom in Memory of Richard Fletcher / Ed. by S. Barton, P. Linehan. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2008. P. 43–64.

Le Jan R. Famille et Pouvoir dans le Monde Franc (VIIe–Xe Siècle): Essai d’Anthropologie Sociale. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1995. 571 p.

Malaspina E. Il Liber epistolarum della cancelleria austrasica (sec. V–VI). Rome: Herder, 2001. 365 p.

Markus R. A. Gregory the Great and Нis World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. xxiii, 241 p.

Martindale J. R. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Vol. IIIA-B: AD 527–641. 1575 p.

Mitteis H. The State in the Middle Ages. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1975. 419 p.

Millar F. The Emperor in the Roman World, 31 B.C. – A.D. 337. London: Duckworth, 1977. 656 p.

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium / Ed. by A. Kazhdan. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Vol. 1–3.

The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity / Ed. by O. Nicholson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Vol. 1–2.

Paret R. Dometianus de Mélitène et la politique religieuse de l'empereur Maurice // Revue des études byzantines. 1957. No. 15. P. 42–72.

Pauli Historia Langobardorum / Ed. by G. H. Pertz. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1878. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores Rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum; VI–IX). P. 45–187.

Real I. Vies de saints, vie de famille: Représentation et système de la parenté dans le royaume mérovingien (481–751) d’après les sources hagiographiques. Turnhout: Brepols, 2001. 533 p.

Reverdy G. Les Relations de Childebert II et de Byzance // Revue Historique. 1913. T. CXIV, 191. P. 61–86.

Riché P. Éducation et culture dans l’Occident barbare, VIe – VIIIe siècle. Paris: Seuil, 1962. 571 p.

Rosenwein B. H. Worrying about Emotions in History // American Historical Review. 2002. No. 107 (3). P. 839–845. (a)

Rosenwein B. H. Writing and Emotions in Gregory of Tours // Vom Nutzen des Schreibens: Soziales Gedächtnis, Herrschaft und Besitz im Mittelalter / Hrsg. von W. Pohl, P. Herold. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2002. P. 23–32. (b)

Rosenwein B. H. Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages. New York: Ithaca, 2006. 228 p.

Sogno C., Storin B. K., Edward J., Watts E. J. Introduction: Greek and Latin Epistolography and Epistolary Collections in Late Antiquity // Late Antique Letter Collections: A Critical Introduction and Reference Guide / Ed. by C. Sogno, B. K. Storin, E. J. Watts. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. P. 1–10.

Tessier G. Diplomatique Royale Française. Paris: Picard, 1962. XI, 340 p.

Thomas E. J. The ‘second Jezebel’: representations of the sixth-century Queen Brunhild. PhD Dis. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, 2012. 226 p. (unpublished thesis). URL: https://theses.gla.ac.uk/4185/1/2012thomasphd.pdf

Tyrrell V. A. Merovingian Letters and Letter Writers: PhD. Diss. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2012. 577 p. (unpublished thesis). URL: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/67317/1/Tyrrell_V_Alice_201211_PhD_thesis.pdf

Vallejo Girvés M. La Hispania y Bizancio. Una relación desconocida. Madrid: Ediciones Akal, 2012. 560 p.

Wood I. N. Administration, Law and Culture in Merovingian Gaul // The Uses of Literacy in Early Mediaeval Europe / Ed. by R. McKitterick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. P. 63–81.

Wood I. N. Letters and Letter Collections from Antiquity to the Middle Ages: The Prose Works of Avitus of Vienne // The Culture of Christendom: Essays in Medieval History in Commemoration of D. T. Bethell / Ed. by M. A. Meyer. London: Hambledon Press, 1993. P. 29–43.

Published on  December 12th, 2023